For many Arizona homeowners, private wells are the primary source of clean and reliable water.
Unlike municipal water supplies, private wells require homeowners to take responsibility for ongoing maintenance, inspections, and testing.
There are more than 100,000 domestic use wells in America serving some 300,000 people, or 5% of Arizona’s population, according to the University of Arizona.
With Arizona’s arid climate and heavy reliance on groundwater, an annual well inspection is not just a recommendation; it’s essential for ensuring water safety, efficiency, and long-term performance.
This guide walks through a comprehensive annual well inspection checklist tailored for Arizona homeowners, covering everything from water quality to mechanical components.
1. Water Quality Testing
The most important part of an annual inspection is testing your water quality.
Even if the water looks clear and tastes fine, contaminants may still be present.
- Test for bacteria: Coliform bacteria testing ensures that harmful microorganisms are not entering the water
- Check for nitrates: Especially important in agricultural areas of Arizona, as fertilizers can seep into groundwater
- Test for arsenic and heavy metals: Certain areas in Arizona naturally have elevated arsenic or lead levels, which must be monitored
- Taste and odor assessment: Unusual smells or tastes can indicate contamination or mineral imbalance
Water should be tested annually, but more frequent testing may be necessary if flooding, land disturbance, or nearby construction occurs.
2. Inspect the Well Cap and Seal
The well cap acts as the first line of defense against contamination.
Homeowners should check:
- That the cap is tightly secured and free of cracks
- The rubber seal is intact and prevents pests, insects, and debris from entering
- No surface water is pooling around the wellhead, which could carry contaminants downward
A properly sealed well prevents everything from dust storms to desert critters from compromising water quality.
3. Evaluate the Wellhead and Surrounding Area
The wellhead, or the visible part of the well above ground, should be in good condition and rise at least a foot above ground level.
Homeowners should look for:
- Signs of corrosion, rust, or cracks
- Evidence of damage from landscaping, lawn equipment, or weather
- Adequate grading around the well to direct surface water away from it
Clearing away vegetation, debris, or stored items ensures easy access for professionals and reduces contamination risks.
4. Pump and Pressure System Inspection
The pump and pressure tank are critical for delivering water efficiently. During an inspection:
- Check pump performance: Ensure consistent water flow and pressure
- Examine the pressure tank: Look for leaks, rust, or signs of pressure fluctuations
- Monitor pump cycling: A pump that turns on and off too frequently could indicate a failing pressure tank or leak in the system
Professional inspections often include measuring amperage and motor function to determine if the pump is operating at peak efficiency.
5. Electrical Components
Because Arizona’s desert climate can be harsh on electrical systems, a yearly check of the well’s wiring and electrical box is essential.
- Inspect wires for fraying or corrosion
- Ensure the control box is free from dust, heat damage, or pests
- Test safety switches and grounding
Electrical problems can reduce pump performance and, in worst cases, pose fire hazards.
6. Well Depth and Water Level Monitoring
In Arizona, falling groundwater levels are a concern due to ongoing drought and heavy demand.
Homeowners should:
- Track the static water level in their well each year
- Compare levels annually to spot potential declines
- Monitor pumping levels to ensure the pump is not being overworked
Keeping an eye on water levels helps homeowners plan for possible water conservation measures or system upgrades.
7. Inspect Plumbing and Distribution Lines
The pipes that connect the well to the home are just as important as the well itself.
Inspections should include:
- Checking for leaks in visible plumbing
- Looking for mineral deposits or corrosion
- Listening for unusual noises in the system
Small leaks or pipe corrosion can:
- Waste water
- Drive up energy costs
- Reduce water quality
8. Review Records and Service History
Maintaining accurate records is an often-overlooked but vital part of well ownership.
Homeowners should keep:
- Records of water tests, repairs, and part replacements
- Pump installation dates and well drilling logs
- Service history from professional inspections
Reviewing records annually helps identify patterns, such as declining water levels or recurring maintenance issues.
9. Professional Inspection
While homeowners can do many checks themselves, a licensed well contractor should conduct a thorough professional inspection at least once a year.
They use specialized tools and knowledge to detect issues that may not be obvious.
Professional inspections typically include:
- Pump performance tests
- Pressure tank efficiency checks
- Internal camera inspections of the well casing
- Advanced water testing
Relying solely on DIY inspections may overlook hidden problems, while professional inspections provide a deeper layer of security and can better follow Arizona well regulations.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I have my well inspected in Arizona?
Wells should be professionally inspected at least once a year, with water quality testing done annually or more often if issues arise.
What tests should be included in a water quality check?
Your annual test should include coliform bacteria, nitrates, and region-specific contaminants like arsenic or heavy metals.
Why is well cap inspection important?
A secure, undamaged well cap prevents insects, rodents, and debris from entering the well and contaminating the water supply.
What are the signs my well may have problems?
Low water pressure, cloudy or discolored water, unusual odors, or a pump that cycles too often may indicate issues needing immediate attention.
Can I do a well inspection myself?
Homeowners can perform basic checks on the wellhead, cap, and plumbing, but a licensed contractor should perform detailed inspections annually.
How do Arizona’s drought conditions affect private wells?
Declining groundwater levels can strain wells, making it important to track water levels annually and plan for conservation or upgrades if needed.
Annual Well Inspection Checklist – Hire Well Inspection Services
For Arizona homeowners, using an annual well inspection checklist is the best way to safeguard water quality, maintain system efficiency, and prepare for the challenges of a desert climate.
Pump It Up, Pump Service, Inc. has been serving Arizona residents since 2001, ensuring exceptional well water and pump solutions.
We are here to safeguard your water supply so you don’t run out of water when you need it most.
Contact our team to learn more about our well inspection service.
Looking for a Shallow Well Repair Company in Phoenix?
Count on Pump It Up Pump Services, Inc. for expert shallow well repair across the Phoenix area. Our experienced team provides fast, reliable solutions to keep your water system operating at its best.
Call 623-582-5069 or request service online today!